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Healthy eating when you’re pregnant or breastfeeding

…   Eating well during pregnancy and while breastfeeding has health benefits for you … meet your energy needs It is normal to gain weight during pregnancy as your baby grows and your body changes to support … later in life. The right amount of weight gain during pregnancy will depend on whether you were at you most healthy …

Zinc

… which is of particular concern in the management of pregnancy and lactation. High intakes of calcium have been … can result in impaired growth velocity, suboptimal pregnancy outcomes and impaired immune responses. Severe … will need intakes about 50% higher than those set. Pregnancy The table outlines zinc recommendations for …

Biotin

… are no population intake data for Australian children. Pregnancy This table outlines the recommended daily intake of … raised questions about the adequacy of biotin status in pregnancy. Some studies have detected low plasma concentrations of biotin and its metabolites in pregnancy (Bhagavan 1969, Dostalova 1984) but others have not …

Copper

… was used to set a figure for all adult males or females. Pregnancy The table outlines copper intake recommendations … Rationale: There are no data on the needs for copper in pregnancy. Therefore an AI was derived based on the amounts of copper that must be accumulated during pregnancy to account for the foetus and products of …

Iron

… although this is highly variable. Towards the end of pregnancy, the absorption of 4-5 mg/day is necessary. … impaired cognitive function, impaired immunity and adverse pregnancy outcomes. However, as these are difficult to relate … in periods of growth such as childhood, adolescence or pregnancy ( FNB:IOM 2001). These accretion needs are …

Calcium

… translating to an additional 300 mg for the RDI . Pregnancy This table presents calcium intake recommendations … yr 840 mg/day 1,000 mg/day Rationale: The EAR and RDI for pregnancy were based on the needs of the mother plus any … retains about 25-30 g, mostly in the third trimester of pregnancy, but there is evidence that pregnancy is associated …

Vitamin B6

… for all groups were set assuming a CV of 10% for the EAR . Pregnancy The table outlines Vitamin B6 recommendations during pregnancy for different age groups. Age EAR RDI 14-18 yr 1.6 … 31-50 yr 1.6 mg/day 1.9 mg/day Rationale: The EAR in pregnancy was based on additional requirements shown by …

Folate

… and palpitations. Folic acid supplementation in pregnancy can reduce both the occurrence and recurrence of … in addition to consuming food folate from a varied diet. Pregnancy This table outlines dietary folate equivalents … Rationale: Folate requirements increase substantially in pregnancy. This recommendation does not include consideration …

Dietary energy

… FAO : WHO :UNU 2004). Additional energy is also needed in pregnancy and lactation to cover the needs of the growing … additional needs in infancy and childhood, in adolescence, pregnancy and lactation need to be estimated from growth … predicted to maintain energy balance (plus extra needs for pregnancy, lactation and growth) in healthy individuals or …

Water

… to remain hydrated, especially if they are very active. Pregnancy This table outlines recommended daily water intake during pregnancy based on age. Age AI     Total water Fluids   (Food … fluid. While there are differences in plasma osmolality in pregnancy (Davison et al 1981, 1984, Lindheimer & Davison …

Accessible versions of Australian dietary guidelines resources

… eating for adults - Brochure Healthy eating during your pregnancy - Brochure Australian guide to healthy eating - … eating for adults - Brochure Healthy eating during your pregnancy - Brochure Infant feeding guidelines Infant feeding …

Iodine

… to reflect the possible influence of natural goitrogens. Pregnancy This table outlines iodine intake recommendations … yr 160 µg/day 220 µg/day Lactation Rationale: The EAR for pregnancy was based on data relating to the thyroid content … balance studies and iodine supplementation studies in pregnancy ( FNB:IOM 2001). The RDI was set assuming a CV of …

Thiamin

… between genders and in physiological states such as pregnancy and lactation. Thiamin is found predominantly in … or with persistent vomiting (as in severe vomiting of pregnancy). Clinically, there is a state of quiet confusion, … continuous daily activity with high energy expenditure. Pregnancy The table outlines thiamine (vitamin B1) …

Niacin

… using a CV of 15% for the EAR derived from these studies. Pregnancy This table provides niacin (vitamin B3) … no direct evidence to suggest a change in requirements in pregnancy, but an additional 3 mg/day would be needed to … yr 30 mg/day Adults 19+ yr   Men 35 mg/day Women 35 mg/day Pregnancy   14-18 yr 30 mg/day 19-50 yr 35 mg/day Lactation   …

Sodium

… UL for infants and children, and the AI for all ages and pregnancy and lactation were not reviewed and remain as per … who lose large amounts of sweat on a daily basis. Pregnancy This table presents the recommended Adequate Intake … yr 460-920 mg/day (20-40 mmol) Rationale:  The AI s for pregnancy were not reviewed in the 2017 update. During …

Alcohol

…   Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding Advice for pregnancy To prevent harm from alcohol to their unborn child, women who are pregnant or planning a pregnancy should not drink alcohol.  Advice for breastfeeding …

Carbohydrate

… of 51 g/day (from NHANES III as detailed in FNB:IOM 2002). Pregnancy and lactation Although no specific EAR , RDI or AI recommendations are made for pregnancy and lactation, these physiological states require …

Choline

… for body weight (7 mg/day x 61 kg), and rounding. Pregnancy The table outlines the recommended daily intake … There are limited data on the needs for choline in pregnancy. The AI is based on the foetal and placental … 1998). Assuming there is no additional synthesis in pregnancy and no contribution from foetal and placental …

Fluoride (updated 2017)

… body weights of 76 kg for men and 61 kg for women. Pregnancy This table provides fluoride intake recommendations … 19-30 yr 3 mg/day 31-50 yr 3 mg/day Rationale: The AI for pregnancy was not reviewed in the 2017 update. There is no evidence that requirements in pregnancy are greater than those of the non-pregnant woman. …

Molybdenum

… low, RDI s were derived assuming a CV of 15% for the EAR . Pregnancy The table presents molybdenum intake … for pregnant individuals across different age groups. Pregnancy EAR RDI 14-18 yr 40 µg/day 50 µg/day 19-30 yr 40 … 50 µg/day Rationale: There are no direct data for needs in pregnancy. The EAR was determined by extrapolating from the …

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